Intended for the study of: Kinematics. A way to determine a person's average reaction time. Reference frame, position, movement and trajectory. The MRU and its characteristics. Range, uncertainty and speed in a launch. Reference frame. The MCU. Kepler's laws for planetary motion. Statics. The driving force, the resisting force and the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane. Conditions for stable, unstable and indifferent static equilibrium. The composition of concurrent coplanar forces. Varignon's theorem. Dynamics. The determination of the coefficients of static, kinetic and sliding friction. Understanding the fixed pulley, the mobile pulley, the exponential hoist, the parallel block, simple machines. Elastic hysteresis. Hooke's law. The association of helical springs in series and in parallel. Mechanical work and mechanical energy in a mass and helical spring system. Hydrostatics. Thrust, magnitude with direction, sense and module. Archimedes' principle. Stevin's theorem. Pascal's principle. The specific weight of a liquid. Thermodynamics, Calorimetry. The thermoscope. Difference between heat and temperature. Energy transformations, electrical into light, thermal and mechanical. Conduction, convection and radiation, means of heat propagation, means of heat transmission, heat transfer. The water equivalent and the heat capacity of a calorimeter. The mechanical equivalent of heat, electrical equivalent. The specific heat of a solid. The latent heat of fusion of ice. The change of state from liquid to solid and the change of state from solid to liquid. Thermal expansion. The variation in the length of the metals copper, brass and steel as a function of the initial length. Determination of the coefficient of linear expansion of copper, brass and steel. Thermodynamics. Isothermal transformation, Boyle-Mariotte's law. The influence of color on thermal insulation. Waves. The simple pendulum and its laws. The SHM in an oscillating system. Transverse mechanical waves in strings. Formation and propagation of two-dimensional waves, propagation speed, reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference of two-dimensional waves on a liquid surface. Light and optics. Simulation of a solar eclipse and identification of the umbra and penumbra. The laws of reflection, image formed in a plane mirror and its characteristics. Reflection of light in concave and convex spherical mirrors. Refraction of light and its laws, diopters, dispersion of light in optical prisms. Spherical lenses and their main characteristics. Vision defects, correction of hyperopia and myopia with lenses. Gauss's law. Measurement of the average wavelength of the colors of the continuous spectrum of light. Electricity. Electrification, principles of electrostatics, static electricity. Equipotential surfaces, lines of force and electric field vector, between electrodes. Faraday's cage and electrostatic shielding. Distribution of charges in a conductor. Lighting lamps without contact, “electric fountain”, strips of paper that repel each other, lightning rods, hair-raising, tourniquet, “electric wind”, electric potential and the amount of charge accumulated in the generator. Configurations of lines of force between electrodes, dielectric strength. Measurement of ddp and current intensity between points of a circuit, the Joule effect. Associations of lamps in series and parallel. Characterization of a resistor and its electrical resistance. Ohm’s law. Associations of electrical resistances. Identification of a non-ohmic resistor, electrical power. Associations of capacitors in series and parallel. The diode and its polarization. Kirchhoff’s laws of loops and nodes. Electromagnetism. Lines of force and the magnetic field of the magnet, magnetism. The action of the electromagnetic force on a conductor that carries an electric current. A direct current electric motor, etc.
Physics, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, light and optics, thermodynamics, waves, electricity, electromagnetism, magnetism.